Brief Introduction
Rumours says that the new upcoming version will support the new 4444 XQ flavour. For me personally Apple ProRes is a hardware dongled codec. It outlines Apples view to the editing world: think like Apple or go dying.
Apple ProRes is a video compression format created by Apple, an intermediate codec specifically used in Final Cut Pro and other professional editing software such as Premiere Pro and Avid Media Composer for editing instead of video playback. As a high quality and high performance editing codec using multicore processors, Apple ProRes offers multistream and impressive output image quality as well as low complexity, which leads to excellent real-time editing performance. It supported frame size ranging from SD and HD to 4K and 2K at full resolution.
Apple ProRes offers the optimal editing flexibility because all codecs are frame-independent with the help of variable bitrate (VBR) technology. Apple ProRes is a 10 bit codec to deal with more color data. If your source video is shot at a 8 bit codec, you can convert the video files to Apple ProRes to make use of the 10 bit encoding in order to achieve the color correction in a trouble-free way.
Six Versions for Apple ProRes
Apple ProRes consists of six versions, that is, Apple ProRes 4444, Apple ProRes 4444 (XQ), Apple ProRes 422, Apple ProRes 422 (HQ), Apple ProRes 422 (LT), and Apple ProRes 422 (Proxy). These six types span a wide range of data rates, ranging from maximum compression rate to minimal compression rate, which makes it easy to edit any frame (SD, HD, 5K, 4K, 2K), 10-bit large video files.
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Apple ProRes 4444
Apple ProRes 4444 is characteristic of full-resolution and high quality 4:4:4:4 image source that supports alpha channels. It is perfect codec to store and exchange motion graphics and composites because of its lossless nature.
Target date rate: about 330 Mbps for 4:4:4 source at 1920*1080, 29.97 fps
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Apple ProRes 4444 (XQ)
Apple ProRes 4444 (XQ) provides the highest quality for 4:4:4:4 image sources involving alpha channels. As with Apple ProRes 4444, Apple ProRes 4444 (XQ) is the best codec to exchange motion graphics.
Target data rate: 500 Mbps for 4:4:4 sources at 1920*1080, 29.97 fps
Apple ProRes 422
Apple ProRes 422 is a high-quality compressed codec offering 66 percent of data rate. It provides higher quality than ProRes 422 LT. It features fast encoding and decoding with variable bitrate.
Target data rate: 147 Mbps at 1920*1080, 29.97 fps
See Article: How to convert MKV to Apple ProRes to work with Final Cut Pro X
Apple ProRes 422 (HQ)
Apple ProRes 422 (HQ) is a higher data rate type of Apple ProRes 422 that delivers the same high quality as ProRes 4444 but for 4:2:2 image source. It provides higher quality than ProRes 422.
Doraemon the secret gadget museum in hindi download torrent yifi. Target data rate: about 220 Mbps at 1920*1080, 29.97 fps.
Apple ProRes 422 (LT)
This codec is more compressed than ProRes 422 involving 70 percent of data rate and 30 percent file size. It provides higher quality than ProRes 422 (Proxy)
Target data rate: 102 Mbps at 1920*1080, 29.97 fps
Apple ProRes 422 (Proxy)
ProRes 422 Proxy is more compressed than ProRes 422 LT with about 30 percent of data rate. It is designed to be used in high quality offline editing that needs low data rates but full-resolution video.
Target data rate: 45 Mbps at 1920*1080, 29.97 fps
Visit Our Tutorial: How Can You Convert AVCHD MTS to ProRes for FCPX Editing
Apple ProRes is a high quality, lossyvideo compression format developed by Apple Inc. for use in post-production that supports up to 8K. It is the successor of the Apple Intermediate Codec and was introduced in 2007 with Final Cut Studio 2.[1] It is widely used as a final format delivery method for HD broadcast files in commercials, features, Blu-ray and streaming.
- 3ProRes 422
- 4ProRes 4444 and ProRes 4444 XQ
Overview[edit]
ProRes is a line of intermediate codecs, which means they are intended for use during video editing, and not for practical end-user viewing. The benefit of an intermediate codec is that it retains higher quality than end-user codecs while still requiring much less expensive disk systems compared to uncompressed video. It is comparable to Avid's DNxHD codec or CineForm which offer similar bitrates and are also intended to be used as intermediate codecs. ProRes 422 is a DCT-based[2]intra-frame-only codec and is therefore simpler to decode than distribution-oriented formats like H.264. In 2018 Apple added a new 'ProRes RAW' (compressed Bayer filter) to Final Cut Pro X[3], after Blackmagic Design implemented compressed Bayer as 'CinemaDNG 3:1' and 'CinemaDNG 4:1' in their cameras and Da Vinci Resolve[4].
ProRes-Overview[edit]
ProRes supports different data rates and different resolutions. All ProRes422-variants use Chroma subsampling of 4:2:2 at 10 Bit Color depth. ProRes 4444 samples color in the 4:4:4 schema with a color depth of 12 Bit.
| resolution | fps | ProRes 422 Proxy | ProRes 422 LT | ProRes 422 | ProRes 422 HQ | ProRes 4444 (without Alpha) | ProRes 4444 XQ (without Alpha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (points) | (Hz) | (Mbit/s) | (Mbit/s) | (Mbit/s) | (Mbit/s) | (Mbit/s) | (Mbit/s) |
| 720 × 0576 | 50i, 25p | 12 | 28 | 41 | 61 | 92 | 138 |
| 1280 × 0720 | 50p | 19 | 42 | 61 | 92 | 138 | 206 |
| 1440 × 1080 | 50i, 25p | 32 | 73 | 105 | 157 | 236 | 354 |
| 1920 × 1080 | 50i, 25p | 38 | 85 | 122 | 184 | 275 | 415 |
| 50p | 76 | 170 | 245 | 367 | 551 | 826 | |
| 2048 × 1536 | 25p | 58 | 131 | 189 | 283 | 425 | 637 |
| 50p | 117 | 262 | 377 | 567 | 850 | 1275 | |
| 3840 × 2160 | 25p | 151 | 342 | 492 | 737 | 1106 | 1659 |
| 50p | 303 | 684 | 983 | 1475 | 2212 | 3318 | |
| 4096 × 2160 | 25p | 162 | 365 | 524 | 786 | 1180 | 1769 |
| 50p | 323 | 730 | 1049 | 1573 | 2359 | 3539 | |
| 5120 × 2880 | 25p | 202 | 456 | 655 | 983 | 1475 | 2212 |
| 50p | 405 | 912 | 1311 | 1966 | 2949 | 4424 |
ProRes 422[edit]
Key features[edit]
- 8K, 5K, 4K, UHD, 2K, HD (up to 1920×1080), & SD resolutions
- 4:2:2 chroma subsampling
- 10-bit sample depth
- I frame-only encoding
- Variable bitrate (VBR) encoding
- Normal 147 Mbit/s and High-Quality 220 Mbit/s and ProRes (LT) 100Mbit/s as well as ProRes Proxy for HD 45Mbit/s for HD resolution at 60i
- Normal 42 Mbit/s and High-Quality 63 Mbit/s for SD resolution at 29.97
- Fast encoding and decoding (both at full size and half size)
ProRes 4444 and ProRes 4444 XQ[edit]
ProRes 4444 and ProRes 4444 XQ are lossyvideo compression formats developed by Apple Inc. for use in post-production and include support for an alpha channel.
ProRes 4444 was introduced with Final Cut Studio (2009)[5] as another in the company's line of intermediate codecs for editing material but not for final delivery. It shares many features with other, 422, codecs of Apple's ProRes family but provides better quality than 422 HQ in colour detail.[6] It has a target data rate of approximately 330 Mbit/s for 4:4:4 sources at 1920x1080 and 29.97 fps
ProRes 4444 XQ was introduced with Final Cut Pro X version 10.1.2 in June 2014. It has a target data rate of approximately 500 Mbit/s for 4:4:4 sources at 1920x1080 and 29.97 fps, and requires OS X v10.8 (Mountain Lion) or later.
Key features[edit]
- 8K, 5K, 4K, 2K, HD (up to 1920×1080), & SD resolutions[7]
- 4:4:4 chroma subsampling
- Up to 12-bit sample depth for video
- Variable bitrate (VBR) encoding
- Alpha channel support at up to 16-bit sample depth
ProRes RAW[edit]
In April of 2018 Apple released ProRes RAW. It is built upon the same technology as other ProRes codecs, but is directly applied to the raw data coming from the sensor, thus delaying the debayering process to the post-production stage. ProRes RAW therefore aims at quality and better colour reproduction, rather than performance.[8]
Playback[edit]
On 28 August 2008, Apple introduced a free ProRes QuickTime Decoder for both Mac and Windows that allows playback of ProRes files through QuickTime.
Open source projects[edit]
On 15 September 2011, FFmpeg introduced a free decoder for ProRes 422 for libavcodec.
FFmbc, a fork of FFmpeg customized for broadcast and professional usage, supports ProRes 422 and 4444 files.[9]
On 1 October 2011,[10]JCodec introduced an open source (FreeBSD License) pure Java decoder for ProRes 422, a translate[11] of FFmpeg version.
It has been reported, that the — often unlicensed — open source projects can turn out to be unreliable and show unwanted artifacts, which make them undesirable for professional use.[12]
Encoding[edit]
Installing Final Cut Pro will install the ProRes codecs for encoding files on OS X.
Apple released ProRes bundled with other pro codecs as a download for users with 'qualifying copies of Final Cut Pro, Motion, or Compressor' installed, for OS X with QuickTime 7.6 and newer.[13]
At the April 2010 NAB Show, Digital Video Systems launched the first Windows 7 platform with the ability to encode to all the varieties of Apple ProRes at speeds far faster than real time on their Clipster product.[14]
On March 31, 2011, Telestream added support for ProRes encoding on Windows systems with Episode Engine, Vantage, and FlipFactory as a free upgrade to the current versions of these products. The system must be running on Windows Server 2008 and be able to support this feature. ProRes video capturing and output to tape is available in Telestream's Pipeline network encoder.
On 29 October 2011, FFmpeg introduced a free encoder, enabling ProRes 422 encoding on all FFmpeg supported platforms.
On 1 November 2011,[10]JCodec introduced an open source (FreeBSD License) pure Java encoder for ProRes 422.[15]
At the April 2012 NAB Show, Brevity introduced a customized algorithm for the accelerated transport and encoding of ProRes files.[16]
Frame layout[edit]
A typical ProRes 422 frame has the following layout:
ProRes hardware[edit]
The Arri Alexa has a built-in ProRes recording unit for its 1080p and 2K video streams, supporting ProRes 4444 and all ProRes 422 versions.
As of June 2011, several hardware-based ProRes encoders exist, from AJA Video Systems[17] (IO HD FireWire 800 interface; Ki Pro and Ki Pro Mini portable recorders, Ki Pro Rack and Ki Pro Ultra for 4K/UltraHD workflows), Atomos[18] (Ninja and Samurai recorders), Sound Devices (PIX series recorders), Convergent Designs (Odyssey7, 7Q, 7Q+), and Fast Forward Video[19] (Sidekick recorder).
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At NAB 2012, Blackmagic announced ProRes recording support for their HyperDeck SSD recorders as well as onboard recording on the Blackmagic Cinema Camera, and Brevity announced a GPU-based ProRes transcoder with simultaneous accelerated file transport.[20]
Prores Codec Windows 10
In 2013 Blackmagic Design release Blackmagic Cinema Camera that record in raw and Prores files directly in camera 4:2:2 10bit.
In 2013 Convergent Design introduced their Odyssey7 and Odyssey7Q monitor/recorders that can record in Apple ProRes 422 (HQ) and are certified by Apple.[21]
In 2014 Atomos introduced their latest advanced recorder Shogun that can record 4K in Apple ProRes.[22]
In 2015 AJA introduced the CION production camera that can capture 4K/UltraHD/2K/HD to all Apple ProRes 422 formats as well as Apple ProRes 4444 in 12-bit.[1]
In 2016 Blackmagic Design release UrsaMini 4.6k that can capture from 4.6k to HD in all Apple ProRes flavor from Proxy to 4444 in 12-bit.
The 2019 Mac Pro has a new 'Apple Afterburner' card as an optional component to accelerate ProRes and ProRes RAW decoding.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'Final Cut Pro 6 - Broad Format Support'. apple.com.
- ^Adcock, Gary (2009-03-03). 'ProRes: A Closer Look'. ProVideo Coalition. Archived from the original on 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
- ^'Final Cut Pro X update introduces ProRes RAW and advanced closed captioning'. apple.com.
- ^Design, Blackmagic. 'Media - Blackmagic Design'. www.blackmagicdesign.com.
- ^'Final Cut Pro 7. Expanded ProRes Family'. apple.com.
- ^Apple ProRes White Paper July 2009
- ^https://www.apple.com/final-cut-pro/docs/Apple_ProRes_White_Paper_December_2013.pdf
- ^Apple ProRes RAW White Paper April 2018, https://www.apple.com/final-cut-pro/docs/Apple_ProRes_RAW_White_Paper.pdf
- ^'Google Code Archive - Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting'. code.google.com.
- ^ abJCode authors (2011-10-01). 'JCodec site'. Retrieved 2015-10-24.
- ^'jcodec/jcodec'. GitHub.
- ^ProRes on Windows, https://blog.frame.io/2017/08/07/prores-on-windows/
- ^'Pro Video Formats 2.0.4'. support.apple.com.
- ^'Broadcast and Media'. www.dvs.de.
- ^'jcodec/jcodec'. GitHub.
- ^'NAB 2012: Brevity Emerges From Stealth Mode'. Sports Video Group. 2012-04-16. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^AJA Video Systems
- ^Atomos. 'Atomos'. www.atomos.com.
- ^'FFV - Fast Forward Video'. www.ffv.com.
- ^http://sportsvideo.org/main/blog/2012/04/16/nab-2012-brevity-emerges-from-stealth-mode/
- ^'Whoops! Content Not Found'. convergent-design.com.
- ^Atomos. 'Shogun - Atomos'. www.atomos.com.
External links[edit]
- Final Cut Studio site at Apple.com
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